Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Coat a 9 x 5-inch loaf pan with nonstick cooking spray and line it with parchment paper.
Blend the cottage cheese, eggs, milk, and melted butter until mostly smooth.
Whisk the flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt, and garlic powder in a large bowl. Add 1 cup of cheddar, the jalapenos, and green onions, then toss until evenly coated.
Fold the cottage cheese mixture into the dry ingredients just until no flour pockets remain. Avoid overmixing so the baked bread stays tender.
Spread the batter in the prepared pan and sprinkle the remaining cheddar over the top.
Bake for 45 to 52 minutes, until golden and a tester inserted in the center comes out clean. Let the bread cool in the pan for 15 minutes.
Transfer the bread to a wire rack and let it cool for at least 30 minutes before serving.